Landscape as Architecture. Identity and conservation of Crapolla cultural site

edited by | a cura di
Valentina Russo

Collana/Series: Architettura e restauro. Percorsi – Intrecci – Esperienze
Pagine/pages 424, brossura con bandelle, cm 21×27, anno 2015
Isbn: 9788840400426

Starting from the urgent problems and complex challenges for the conservation of stratified landscapes, places of the synthesis between human activity and nature, the volume presents the results of a research project that involved since 2008 the cultural site of Crapolla, located on the southern slope of the Sorrento-Amalfi Peninsula and within the Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area.
Paradigm of landscapes where a thousand year old history has settled and where the emotional values emerge with strength, because of the presence of spring waters and of hills jutting into the sea, of the etymological allusion to ancient myths and gods, the site of Crapolla is full of a dense sense of the sacred. With it, the deep cracks of the rocks and the dizzying height of the latter assure a romantic aura to the whole. The deep “gorge” includes impressive buildings referable to ancient usages of the place, a port for sailors, site for the storage of food and for the supply of fresh water. The forms of architecture of the monazeni embedded into the rocks, the ruins of a Medieval abbey, the imposing mass of a sixteenth-century tower witness all the high strategic significance that the cove has assumed in the historical landscape of the Peninsula over the centuries.
In the symbiosis between sublime nature and architecture, the landscape of Crapolla is, at the same time, very “fragile” and at risk of oblivion. The research here published, together with the numerous studies and experiences carried out in Italian and European contexts, face with rigor of analysis and active approach many issues related to the understanding of the intangible values − i.e. anthropological, literary and social ones − and of the physical and construction characteristics of the artifacts and the landscape.
This is in order to highlight, through an integrated methodology of research, a coherent approach from the small to the large scale for a programmed preservation of the cultural landscape so as to prevent, through restoration and with the involvement of the local communities, the irreversible loss of precious vestiges of the past.

A partire dalle cogenti problematiche e sfide complesse connesse alla conservazione dei paesaggi stratificati, luoghi di sintesi tra azione umana e natura, il volume presenta i risultati di un percorso di ricerca che ha interessato dal 2008 il sito culturale di Crapolla, posto sul versante meridionale della Penisola sorrentino-amalfitana ed entro l’Area Marina Protetta Punta Campanella.
Paradigma di paesaggi nei quali è sedimentata una storia ultramillenaria e nei quali le valenze emozionali emergono con forza, per la compresenza di acque sorgive e di rilievi strapiombanti verso il mare, per l’allusione etimologica ad antichi miti e divinità, il sito di Crapolla è intriso di un denso senso del sacro. Con esso, le profonde spaccature nelle rocce e l’altezza vertiginosa di queste ultime conferiscono un’aura romantica all’insieme. La profonda “forra” accoglie fabbriche imponenti riferibili ad usi antichi del luogo, approdo per i naviganti, sito per la conservazione di derrate alimentari e per il rifornimento di acque dolci. Le architetture dei “monazeni” incastonati nelle rocce, le rovine di un’abbazia medievale, la possente massa di una torre cinquecentesca testimoniano tutti dell’elevato significato strategico che l’insenatura ha assunto nel paesaggio storico della Penisola attraverso i secoli.
Nella simbiosi tra natura sublime e architettura, il paesaggio di Crapolla è, al contempo, particolarmente “fragile” e a rischio di oblio. Le ricerche che si presentano, intrecciate a molteplici studi ed esperienze condotte in contesti italiani ed europei, affrontano con rigore analitico e slancio propositivo molteplici questioni connesse alla comprensione delle valenze intangibili − antropologiche, letterarie e sociali −, nonché delle caratteristiche fisiche e costruttive dei manufatti e del paesaggio.
Ciò con l’obiettivo di evidenziare, attraverso una metodologia integrata di ricerca, una coerenza di approccio dalla piccola alla grande scala per la conservazione programmata del paesaggio culturale allo scopo di prevenire, attraverso il restauro e con il coinvolgimento delle comunità locali, la perdita irreversibile di preziose testimonianze del passato.

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Index:

Forewords

Gaetano Manfredi, Rector of the University of Naples Federico II
Mario R. Losasso, Director of the Department of Architecture
Leone Gargiulo, Mayor of Massa Lubrense
Davide Gargiulo, President of Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area

LANDSCAPE AS ARCHITECTURE

Valentina Russo
Apollo’s landscape, risk, interpretation, conservation

CRAPOLLA. LANDSCAPE, ARCHAEOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE

Stella Casiello
Landscapes as relation between man and nature: protection and enhancement

Andrea Pane
Crapolla: a cultural landscape on the Amalfi Coast

Gianluigi de Martino
The archaeological evidence of the Sorrento Peninsula and Crapolla

Francesco Doglioni
The ancient cisterns. Stratigraphic observations and interpretation of building processes

Valentina Russo
Memory and conservation of fragile ruins. The Abbey of St. Peter at Crapolla

Daniela Esposito, Patrizio Pensabene
Two cases of reuse in Campania: the church of St. Peter in Crapolla and the bell tower of the Pietrasanta in Naples ” 97

Lucio Amato, Giovanni Antonucci
Geophysical survey with magnetometric techniques in the Abbey of St. Peter at Crapolla ” 113

Gianluca Vitagliano
Rural architecture in Crapolla fjord: a heritage to protect

Francesco Delizia
St. Peter’s Tower at Crapolla. An example of the defensive system of the Sorrentine Peninsula in the Viceroyal Age ” 123

Enrica Santaniello
The cantieri masonry of St. Peter’s Tower. Building techniques and similarities in the peninsular context

Rossana Gabrielli
Ancient mortars in the archaeological site of Crapolla: laboratory analysis

Donato Iaccarino, Stefano Ruocco
From tangible to intangible values. Traditions in Crapolla

CRAPOLLA LAB REPORTS

Linda Miedema, Alfredo Roccia, Riccardo Rudiero, Alberto Maria Talarico, Sara Varanese
The environmental context

Thijs Bennebroek, Agostino Buonomo, Licia Genua, Clorinda V. Grande, Teresa Laudonia, Michelle Smets
The archaeological heritage

Sonia Colletta, Lucia Ganoza, Jose Antonio López Salas, Romina Muccio, Laura Paone, Lia Romano
The monazeni permanence

Maria Antonia Aldarelli, Giuseppe Camarda, Federica Comes, Romana Fialová, Chiara Ficarra, Lynn Rongé, Giovanna Russo Krauss, Giuseppina Vitiello, Federico Zoni
St. Peter’s Abbey as palimpsest

Elisabetta Candeloro, Angela D’Anna, Ioanna Fragkaki, Marina Martinez Sanchis, Julie van de Velde
The architecture of St. Peter’s Tower

Valentina Russo, Stefania Pollone
The stratigraphical interpretation of St. Peter’s Tower. Dimensional survey results ” 203

PARALLELS

ARCHITECTURE and memory of the antique

Giovanna Greco
Peoples in the Sorrentine Peninsula, between myth and reality

Patrizio Pensabene
Architectural spolia between Late-Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Daniela Esposito
The reuse building site in the Roman area through the Middle Ages and contemporary times ” 233

Emanuele Romeo
Temple, church, mosque: transformation over the centuries

ETHICS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSERVATION

Aldo Aveta
Historic urban landscape and integrated conservation

Giuseppe Fiengo
Conservation and enhancement of ruined monuments in the Amalfi Coast

Renata Picone
A sustainable architecture. Rustic dwellings in the area between Capri and the Amalfi-Sorrentine Coast

Giovanna Ceniccola
Interpretation and preservation of the architectural surfaces: the lapillus coverings

Bianca Gioia Marino
Landscape and image: perception of authenticity and identity of places

Stefania Pollone
Landscape conservation and ancient routes. Historical traces in Massa Lubrense land

CONSERVATION, PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT: A COMPARISON OF EXPERIENCES

Mario R. Losasso
Technologies and environmental design for the recovery of sensitive contexts

Giulio Pane
Fuenti, Jeranto, Ravello auditorium: three equivocal cases of landscape protection

Pasquale Miano
From panorama to landscape. The case of Punta Corona in Agerola

Stefano Francesco Musso
The destiny of the built landscapes, between nature and culture. The Cinque Terre in Liguria ” 339

Valentina Cristini, José Ramón Ruiz Checa
Interpretation of building processes and material decay phenomena in some examples
of Spanish traditional architecture

José Ramón Ruiz Checa, Valentina Cristini
A methodological proposal for a territorial analysis: watchtowers of 12th-13th centuries in Spain ” 357

Maria Leus, Marleen Arckens
The dilemma between preservation and experience of archaeological heritage

Mine Hamamcıoglu-Turan
Contemporary applications for documentation of historical buildings and landscape

ITALIAN SUMMARIES | SINTESI